ECPI Anatomy and Physiology (A&P) Exam 1 Practice Test

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• Which option lists the layers of bone?
• Which region includes the neck area containing the first seven vertebrae?
• Endocrine refers to which primary mechanism?
• Sensory receptors that respond to chemicals are called?
• The brain interprets input from sensory receptors as?
• Which part of the eye forms the tough, white outer coat?
• What is the matrix composed of?
• A covalent bond is formed when
• The term that refers to the major layered structures of the eye, including the sclera, choroid, and retina?
• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the carrier of genetic information and the main constituent of chromosomes in nearly all living organisms. Which molecule is this?
• Where does translation occur?
• Which skin layer lies beneath the epidermis and provides structural support and houses nerves and vessels?
• Points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another with special membrane proteins; also called communicating junctions.
• Which glands produce sweat and are found over most of the body?
• A muscle attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.
• Which transparent structure behind the pupil changes shape to help focus images on the retina?
• A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction.
• What term describes fat storage within bone marrow?
• What is the correct order of the first four phases of mitosis?
• Which term describes a local depolarization that can sum with other inputs to reach threshold?
• Which part of the eye is the light-sensitive inner surface that contains the receptor rods and cones and begins processing visual information?
• Which site is lined by simple squamous epithelium?
• Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground.
• Which cellular process uses a messenger RNA template to assemble amino acids into a protein?
• Buttocks; on posterior side of trunk are called the?
• Which phase of mitosis involves the chromosomes condensing and the nuclear envelope breaking down?
• Which receptors monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints?
• Which description best captures the role of hormones in the body?
• Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes becoming visible, the nuclear envelope dissolving, and spindle apparatus forming?
• Which process moves substances from lower to higher concentration and requires energy?
• Which organelle contains genetic material and controls cellular activities?
• Which layer lies beneath the dermis and stores fat?
• Which gland secretes melatonin?
• Oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells.
• The thigh region corresponds to which regional term?
• Which type of bone marrow is fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones?
• Which pancreatic hormone raises blood glucose levels and acts as an antagonist to insulin?
• Which light band contains Actin only?
• What is the middle, vascular layer of the eye located between the retina and the sclera?
• Which molecule carries oxygen in the bloodstream?
• A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon is called
• Which joint type allows the greatest range of motion?
• Organelles are cell parts that function within a cell. Which term best describes organelles?
• The movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called
• Which category of joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue that hold bones tightly together?
• Which cell type is primarily responsible for carrying oxygen in the bloodstream?
• The body's slow chemical communication system, consisting of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream, is the
• The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of
• Which process completes cell division by dividing the cytoplasm into two separate daughter cells?
• Long term energy storage is a function of which biomolecule?
• What is the process whereby DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA?
• Which statement best describes the function of hormones?
• Which epithelium lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra and stretches readily?
• Which statement describes the cell membrane?
• DNA contains which bases?
• Which eye layer contains the vascular network that nourishes the retina?
• What is the primary function of red bone marrow?
• Which hormone produced by the anterior pituitary stimulates estrogen secretion, egg maturation, and sperm production?
• The area behind the knee is called the?
• What term describes the tiny coiled tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skin's surface?
• Which epithelium lines much of the respiratory tract?
• Which epithelium lines the digestive tract from the stomach to the anal canal?
• Red bone marrow is the site of hematopoiesis and produces blood cells.
• The femoral region refers to which part of the body?
• Front of knee is the?
• Which joint type is created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions?
• What happens if an atom gains an electron?
• What term describes a positively charged ion?
• Which term refers to a positively charged ion?
• Which region includes the neck area containing the first seven vertebrae?
• Which phase follows metaphase during mitosis?
• The wrist corresponds to which region?
• The popliteal region is located behind which joint?
• Where is DNA primarily located in a typical cell?
• Which form of stratified squamous epithelium forms the epidermis of the skin?
• A solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell interior is called
• Which protein covers the myosin binding sites on actin?
• The arm (shoulder to elbow) corresponds to which region?
• Which hormone lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into tissues?
• Which of the following is an example of an organelle?
• What happens if an atom loses an electron?
• Which epithelium lines the ventral body cavity serosae and the lining of the heart and blood vessels?
• What membrane sits above the basilar membrane and serves as a shelf against which the cilia of auditory hair cells move?
• The difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a neuron's cell membrane is called the
• Which is the outermost protective layer of the skin?
• Which type of bone marrow is found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones?
• Which type of joint is found at the hip and shoulder, allowing a wide range of motion?
• A solution having the same solute concentration as the cell interior is described as
• Which ion is required for release of neurotransmitter?
• Which regulatory proteins control actin filaments during muscle contraction?
• An ionic bond is formed when
• Mature cartilage cells that reside in lacunae; a cell which has secreted the matrix of cartilage and become embedded in it.
• Cells that have receptors for a particular hormone are called
• Strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone.
• Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues are called?
• A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell interior causes water to move out of the cell; this solution is called
• Moving a part backward is called?
• Circular movement around an axis.
• Which stage follows anaphase in mitosis?
• A negatively charged ion is called
• Which phase is described as the chromosomes spreading into a tangle of chromatin?
• Which epithelium is specialized for diffusion and filtration with a single cell layer?
• Which bone cell remains embedded in the matrix after secretion by osteoblasts?
• What is the anatomical term for the region of the wrist?
• Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex belong to which category?
• The patellar region is located on the anterior surface of which joint?
• Which skin layer contains hair follicles, nerves, and glands?
• A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues is
• Which hormone stimulates the kidney to retain sodium ions and water?
• Which protein stores oxygen in muscle tissue?
• A bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted.
• Bending a joint.
• Which epithelium has nonciliated and ciliated varieties, with nonciliated lining most of the digestive tract and ciliated lining small bronchi and uterine tubes?
• Which epithelium functions in absorption and secretion and includes a ciliated type to propel mucus or reproductive cells?
• Which gland is responsible for thermoregulatory sweating and is distributed widely across the skin?
• Which region includes the buttocks?
• During mitosis, which stage do chromosomes line up along the center of the cell?
• Involuntary muscle found only in the heart.
• Receptors that respond to changes in temperature are called?
• Leg, from knee to ankle is the?
• Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates estrogen secretion and egg maturation in the ovaries?
• DNA contains which bases?
• Sutures between skull bones illustrate which category of joints?
• Which type of hormone can cross cell membranes and typically binds to intracellular receptors?
• Which protein in erythrocytes carries oxygen?
• What is the cell membrane primarily composed of?
• A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom.
• Hormone from the thyroid that lowers blood calcium.
• Red blood cells have no nucleus; which term describes these cells?
• Where does transcription occur?
• Which term describes joints that are slightly movable?
• Which bond type is generally weaker and often occurs between molecules rather than within molecules?
• During mitosis, which phase involves separation of sister chromatids and movement toward opposite poles?
• Which clear tissue covers the front of the eye?
• Which molecule carries genetic information in almost all living organisms and is commonly double-stranded?
• The sole of the foot corresponds to which region?
• Segment of DNA that codes for a protein.
• Which layer lies beneath the dermis and stores fat?
• Aldosterone primarily acts on which organ to regulate electrolyte and water balance?
• What is the term for a joint where bones are joined by a bar of hyaline cartilage and is immovable?
• Which epithelium protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion?
• Red blood cells (RBC); no nucleus, contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen.
• Hormones derived from protein, peptides, or amino acids that cannot easily cross cell membranes are known as
• Which epithelium allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important?
• Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs.
• Which receptors sense movement of the tendons that connect muscle to bone?
• Which receptors are activated by painful stimuli?
• The hormone from the pineal gland that promotes sleepiness is
• What term describes a slight depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane that brings it closer to the threshold for an action potential?
• A molecule with partial charges that mixes with water is called
• Which protein covers actin's myosin-binding sites when calcium is not present?
• Oxygen-storing pigmented protein in muscle cells.
• A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by returning to its original state is called which type of loop?
• Which receptor is sensitive to changes in muscle length and the rate of that change?
• The set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material into proteins is called
• The process by which solutes move down their concentration gradient without energy input is called
• Which structure is primarily responsible for accommodation by changing its curvature to focus light?
• Endocrine refers to which type of secretion?
• A molecule with no partial charges and equal sharing of electrons is described as
• Muscle cell or muscle fiber.
• Which region is the forearm between the elbow and the wrist?
• The membrane potential when a neuron is at rest and not firing is called the
• Which regulator binds calcium and interacts with actin to control contraction?
• Ankle bones are which region?
• Fat cells.
• Which macromolecule is primarily associated with long-term energy storage?
• What is the process called when the mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced?
• Which term describes a neuron signal that travels along the axon without decreasing in magnitude?
• Which phase of the cell cycle consists of G1, S, and G2 and involves growth and preparation for division?
• Straightening of a joint is called?
• A positive feedback loop is characterized by what?
• A shift in the electrical charge in a tiny area of a neuron is called a
• Which regulatory protein binds to actin and calcium to regulate contraction?
• Which cell type stores fat?
• Which component of bone contains the marrow and is the site of hematopoiesis?
• What is the name of the joint that attaches a tooth to its socket?
• The first seven vertebrae comprising the neck correspond to which region?
• Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are known as
• Which term best describes the brain's interpretation of sensory input?
• What term describes the slight hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell, moving the membrane potential further from threshold?